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Outdoor christmas lights for home. With ehxt enhanced horizontal xmas tree structure bomco subsea tree is mainly composed of tree body production module annulus module choke module subsea control module hydraulic connector tubing hanger etc. A connector 22 for locking said christmas tree to a wellhead. The christmas tree may also have a number of check valves.
Different pressure ratings are used at different water depths. Vertical trees are manufactured in single bore and dual bore configurations and pressure ratings are between 5000 and 15000 psi. The casing will be screwed bolted or welded to the hanger.
The technology of 5 and 10 ksi trees is common and is used in water depths greater than 1000 m. Christmas trees are used on both surface and subsea wells. Each of these classifications has a number of variations.
Simplicity and reliability as design principle applicable to most small sized wellheads to form simple christmas tree with tubing hanger interface. It is composed of a variety of valves which are used for testing servicing regulating or choking the stream of produced oil gas and. At the bottom we find the casing head and casing hangers.
A typical christmas tree composed of a master gate valve a pressure gauge a wing valve a swab valve and a choke as shown in fig. The only subsea vertical christmas tree with concentric structure in the world at present leading the design trend of the future subsea vertical christmas trees. The pressure ratings for subsea christmas trees are 5 10 and 15 ksi in accordance with api 17d 6 and api 6a 7.
A valve block 30 coupled at a top thereof to a reentry mandrel 32 and including at a bottom thereof means for. The body of a christmas tree can be made of carbon steel. Christmas tree for subsea production comprising.
To find out more about the aquasign fixing recommendations for trees both onshore and offshore please visit our trees page. Since the 1950s subsea trees have been topping underwater wellheads to control oil and gas flow to the surface. Components of a christmas tree.
The tree cap does not bear any pressure and is used only for secondary locking of the hanger and for isolation of seawater. The deepest installed subsea tree is in the gulf of mexico at approximately 9000 feet. A subsea xmas tree is basically a stack of valves installed on a subsea wellhead to provide a controllable interface between the well and production facilities.
Christmas trees are used on both surface and subsea wells current technical limits are up to around 3000 metres and working temperatures of 500f to 3500f with a pressure of up to 15000 psi.
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